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TUNIES RADIO SHOW 7-28-2008
DIABETES
Al, Forman, - Owner & Founder of Tunies Super Saver Nutrition.
Jeff, Donigan, - Licensed Nutritionist, Degree in Bio Chemistry
Jolie, Root - Licensed Nutritionist, Registered Nurse
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For more information, Check out these links and articles.
Diabetes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar (glucose), starches and other food into energy needed for daily life.
Finding out you have diabetes is scary. But don't panic. Type 1 diabetes is serious, but people with diabetes can live long, healthy, happy lives.
Conditions & Treatment Arm yourself with information about conditions associated with type 1 diabetes, and how to prevent them. Conditions associated with type 1 diabetes include hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis and celiac disease. You will also find helpful information about insulin, choosing blood glucose meters, various diagnostic tests including the A1c test, managing and checking your blood glucose, kidney and islet transplantations, and tips on what to expect from your health care provider.
Complications Having type 1 diabetes increases your risk for many serious complications. Some complications of type 1 diabetes include: heart disease (cardiovascular disease), blindness (retinopathy), nerve damage (neuropathy), and kidney damage (nephropathy). Learn more about these complications and how to cope with them.
Recently Diagnosed You've just been diagnosed with diabetes. Chances are you have a million questions running through your head. To help you answer those questions, and take the first steps toward better diabetes care, visit the Recently Diagnosed area for people who have just been diagnosed with diabetes, or those needing basic information.
Your Body's Well Being Make it a priority to take good care of your body. The time you spend now on eye care, foot care and skin care, as well as your heart health and oral health, could delay or prevent the onset of dangerous type 1 diabetes complications later in life. Plus, some of the best things you can do for your body are to stop smoking, and reduce the amount of alcohol you drink.
Common Concerns This section addresses various areas to help you live with type 1 diabetes. What do you do when you're sick? What do you do when you travel? Can you get a flu shot with diabetes? How do you cope with having type 1 diabetes? Are you being discriminated against because you have diabetes? You'll find answers to these questions, and more in this section.
Ask the Pharmacist The American Diabetes Association and Rite Aid "Ask the Pharmacist" area is where you can ask a pharmacist a question to help you manage your diabetes. Rite Aid and the ADA have partnered to allow you to access to Rite Aid's Drug Information Center from our Web site.
Women and Diabetes Learn how to ensure your own health and well-being.
Health Information For Men Learn how to ensure your own health and well-being
Article from The American Diabetes Association http://www.diabetes.org/type-1-diabetes.jsp
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use glucose for energy. When you eat food, the body breaks down all of the sugars and starches into glucose, which is the basic fuel for the cells in the body. Insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two problems:
Finding out you have diabetes is scary. But don't panic. Type 2 diabetes is serious, but people with diabetes can live long, healthy, happy lives.
While diabetes occurs in people of all ages and races, some groups have a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes than others. Type 2 diabetes is more common in African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, as well as the aged population.
Conditions & Treatment Arm yourself with information about conditions associated with type 2 diabetes, and how to prevent them. Conditions associated with type 2 diabetes include hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. You will also find helpful information about insulin, oral medications, various diagnostic tests including the A1c test, managing and checking your blood glucose, and tips on what to expect from your health care provider.
Complications Having type 2 diabetes increases your risk for many serious complications. Some complications of type 2 diabetes include: heart disease (cardiovascular disease), blindness (retinopathy), nerve damage (neuropathy), and kidney damage (nephropathy). Learn more about these complications and how to cope with them.
Diabetes Learning Center for the Recently Diagnosed You've just been diagnosed with diabetes. Chances are you have a million questions running through your head. To help you answer those questions, and take the first steps toward better diabetes care, visit the Diabetes Learning Center -- an area for people who are newly diagnosed with diabetes, or those needing basic information.
Your Body's Well Being Make it a priority to take good care of your body. The time you spend now on eye care, foot care and skin care, as well as your heart health and oral health, could delay or prevent the onset of dangerous type 2 diabetes complications later in life. Plus, some of the best things you can do for your body are to stop smoking, and reduce the amount of alcohol you drink.
Common Concerns This section addresses various areas to help you live with type 2 diabetes. What do you do when you're sick? What do you do when you travel? Can you get a flu shot with diabetes? How do you cope with having type 2 diabetes? Are you being discriminated against because you have diabetes? You'll find answers to these questions, and more in this section.
Health Information For Men Learn how to ensure your own health and well-being.
Article from The American Diabetes Association http://www.diabetes.org/type-2-diabetes.jsp
Gestational Diabetes
You are 28 weeks pregnant. Your health care provider has just told you that you have gestational diabetes. Should you be concerned about gestational diabetes?
The short answer: yes. Good care means a lot for your health and your baby's health.
Pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood sugar (glucose) levels during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes affects about 4% of all pregnant women - about 135,000 cases of gestational diabetes in the United States each year.
We don't know what causes gestational diabetes, but we have some clues. The placenta supports the baby as it grows. Hormones from the placenta help the baby develop. But these hormones also block the action of the mother's insulin in her body. This problem is called insulin resistance. Insulin resistance makes it hard for the mother's body to use insulin. She may need up to three times as much insulin.
Gestational diabetes starts when your body is not able to make and use all the insulin it needs for pregnancy. Without enough insulin, glucose cannot leave the blood and be changed to energy. Glucose builds up in the blood to high levels. This is called hyperglycemia.
Gestational diabetes affects the mother in late pregnancy, after the baby's body has been formed, but while the baby is busy growing. Because of this, gestational diabetes does not cause the kinds of birth defects sometimes seen in babies whose mothers had diabetes before pregnancy.
However, untreated or poorly controlled gestational diabetes can hurt your baby. When you have gestational diabetes, your pancreas works overtime to produce insulin, but the insulin does not lower your blood glucose levels. Although insulin does not cross the placenta, glucose and other nutrients do. So extra blood glucose goes through the placenta, giving the baby high blood glucose levels. This causes the baby's pancreas to make extra insulin to get rid of the blood glucose. Since the baby is getting more energy than it needs to grow and develop, the extra energy is stored as fat.
This can lead to macrosomia, or a "fat" baby. Babies with macrosomia face health problems of their own, including damage to their shoulders during birth. Because of the extra insulin made by the baby's pancreas, newborns may have very low blood glucose levels at birth and are also at higher risk for breathing problems. Babies with excess insulin become children who are at risk for obesity and adults who are at risk for type 2 diabetes.
Because gestational diabetes can hurt you and your baby, you need to start treatment quickly. Treatment for gestational diabetes aims to keep blood glucose levels equal to those of pregnant women who don't have gestational diabetes. Treatment for gestational diabetes always includes special meal plans and scheduled physical activity. It may also include daily blood glucose testing and insulin injections. You will need help from your doctor, nurse educator, and other members of your health care team so that your treatment for gestational diabetes can be changed as needed.
For you as the mother-to-be, treatment for gestational diabetes helps lower the risk of a cesarean section birth that very large babies may require. Sticking with your treatment for gestational diabetes will give you a healthy pregnancy and birth, and may help your baby avoid future poor health.
Gestational diabetes usually goes away after pregnancy. But once you've had gestational diabetes, your chances are 2 in 3 that it will return in future pregnancies. In a few women, however, pregnancy uncovers type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is hard to tell whether these women have gestational diabetes or have just started showing their diabetes during pregnancy. These women will need to continue diabetes treatment after pregnancy.
Many women who have gestational diabetes go on to develop type 2 diabetes years later. There seems to be a link between the tendency to have gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes both involve insulin resistance. Certain basic lifestyle changes may help prevent diabetes after gestational diabetes.
Losing weight Are you more than 20% over your ideal body weight? Losing even a few pounds can help you avoid developing type 2 diabetes.
Making healthy food choices Follow simple daily guidelines, like eating a variety of foods including fresh fruits and vegetables, limiting fat intake to 30% or less of daily calories, and watching your portion size. Healthy eating habits can go a long way in preventing diabetes and other health problems.
Exercising Regular exercise allows your body to use glucose without extra insulin. This helps combat insulin resistance and is what makes exercise helpful to people with diabetes. Never start an exercise program without checking with your doctor first.
While gestational diabetes is a cause for concern, the good news is that you and your health care team - your doctor, obstetrician, nurse educator, and dietitian - work together to lower your high blood glucose levels. And with this help, you can turn your concern into a healthy pregnancy for you, and a healthy start for your baby
Article from The American Diabetes Association http://www.diabetes.org/gestational-diabetes.jsp
Knocking Out Prediabetes
Tara Dairman
If you are one of the more than 56 million Americans who have prediabetes, more guidance on how reduce your risk of Type 2 diabetes may be on the way. This week, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) agreed to recommend an aggressive approach to treating prediabetes, releasing the first official treatment recommendations that have been made for this condition.
What Is Prediabetes? People who have a fasting blood glucose level of 100 to 125 mg/dl are considered to have prediabetes. (A fasting blood glucose level over 125 mg/dl indicates full-blown diabetes.) People who have prediabetes are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and most go on to develop Type 2 diabetes within 10 years.
The AACE now recommends a "two-pronged approach" for preventing the conversion of prediabetes to diabetes and lowering cardiovascular risk.
Step 1: Diet, Exercise…and Drugs? First, the AACE recommends intensive lifestyle change, following the guidelines set forth in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).
The DPP, a study published in 2002 that involved more than 3,000 people with prediabetes, showed that losing 5% to 7% of their body weight lowered people's risk of Type 2 diabetes by 58% over three years. The participants lost weight by dieting (cutting fat and calories) and exercising moderately (walking was the most popular exercise) for at least 150 minutes a week (about 20 minutes a day).
The AACE experts also agreed that certain drugs may play a role in treating prediabetes if diet and exercise do not lower people's blood glucose levels enough. In the DPP, the diabetes drug metformin (Glucophage and other brand names) was shown to help prevent Type 2 diabetes in people with prediabetes, though not as effectively as diet and exercise. A more recent study of 602 people, presented at the American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions in June, found that people with prediabetes who took pioglitazone (Actos) were 81% less likely to develop full-blown diabetes over three years compared to people who took a placebo drug. However, the pioglitazone group did gain more weight than the placebo group (about 8 pounds vs. 2 pounds). The study was sponsored by pioglitazone manufacturer Takeda. As of now, no drugs are officially approved for the treatment of prediabetes.
Step 2: Reduce Cardiovascular Risk The AACE's second recommendation focuses on lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease (for example, heart attacks and stroke) that faces people with prediabetes. It recommends that these people be screened and treated for high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and that drugs be used if diet and exercise do not improve these risk factors enough.
What Else Can You Do? Many people who have prediabetes have not been diagnosed with the condition and remain at high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Factors that raise a person's risk of prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes include having the metabolic syndrome (a cluster of interrelated conditions, also known as syndrome X), having had gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy), having a history of Type 2 diabetes in the family, and belonging to certain racial and ethnic groups (African-American, Native American, Asian American/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic American/Latino).
If you have prediabetes, talk to your health-care provider about aggressively taking steps to prevent Type 2 diabetes. And if you think you may have prediabetes, get tested and encourage other people who may be at risk to do the same.
For more information please visit this direct link at -
http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/blog/Tara_Dairman/Knocking_Out_Prediabetes
Diabetes Prevention Program
The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a major clinical trial, or research study, aimed at discovering whether either diet and exercise or the oral diabetes drug metformin (Glucophage) could prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
The answer is yes. In fact, the DPP found that over the 3 years of the study, diet and exercise sharply reduced the chances that a person with IGT would develop diabetes. Metformin also reduced risk, although less dramatically. The DPP resolved these questions so quickly that, on the advice of an external monitoring board, the program was halted a year early. The researchers published their findings in the February 7, 2002, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
DPP Study Design and Goals
In the DPP, participants from 27 clinical centers around the country were randomly split into different treatment groups. The first group, called the lifestyle intervention group, received intensive training in diet, exercise, and behavior modification. By eating less fat and fewer calories and exercising for a total of 150 minutes a week, they aimed to lose 7 percent of their body weight and maintain that loss.
The second group took 850 mg of metformin twice a day. The third group received placebo pills instead of metformin. The metformin and placebo groups also received information on diet and exercise, but no intensive counseling efforts. A fourth group was treated with the drug troglitazone (Rezulin), but this part of the study was discontinued after researchers discovered that troglitazone can cause serious liver damage.
All 3,234 study participants were overweight and had IGT, which are well recognized risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. In addition, 45 percent of the participants were from minority groups—African American, Hispanic American/Latino, Asian American or Pacific Islander, or American Indian—that are at increased risk of developing diabetes.
Type 2 Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes
Diabetes is a disorder that affects the way your body uses digested food for growth and energy. Normally, the food you eat is broken down into glucose. The glucose then passes into your bloodstream, where it is used by your cells for growth and energy. For glucose to reach your cells, however, insulin must be present. Insulin is a hormone produced by your pancreas, a hand-sized gland behind your stomach.
Most people with type 2 diabetes have two problems: the pancreas may not produce enough insulin, and fat, muscle, and liver cells cannot use it effectively. This means that glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body—without fulfilling its role as the body's main source of fuel.
About 20.8 million people in the United States have diabetes. Of those, 14.6 million are diagnosed and 6.2 million are undiagnosed. Ninety to 95 percent of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is the main cause of kidney failure, limb amputation, and new-onset blindness in American adults. People with diabetes are also two to four times more likely than people without diabetes to develop heart disease.
Pre-diabetes, also called impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), is a condition in which your blood glucose (blood sugar) levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. Having pre-diabetes puts you at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes. If you have pre-diabetes, you are also at increased risk for developing heart disease.
You are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if
Pre-diabetes is becoming more common in the United States, according to new estimates provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. About 40 percent of U.S. adults ages 40 to 74—or 41 million people—had pre-diabetes in 2000. New data suggest that at least 54 million U.S. adults had pre-diabetes in 2002. Those with pre-diabetes are likely to develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years, unless they take steps to prevent or delay diabetes. The results of the Diabetes Prevention Program showed that modest weight loss and regular exercise can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes.
DPP Results
The DPP's striking results tell us that millions of high-risk people can use diet, exercise, and behavior modification to avoid developing type 2 diabetes. The DPP also suggests that metformin is effective in delaying the onset of diabetes.
Participants in the lifestyle intervention group—those receiving intensive counseling on effective diet, exercise, and behavior modification—reduced their risk of developing diabetes by 58 percent. This finding was true across all participating ethnic groups and for both men and women. Lifestyle changes worked particularly well for participants aged 60 and older, reducing their risk by 71 percent. About 5 percent of the lifestyle intervention group developed diabetes each year during the study period, compared with 11 percent in those who did not get the intervention. Researchers think that weight loss—achieved through better eating habits and exercise—reduces the risk of diabetes by improving the ability of the body to use insulin and process glucose.
Participants taking metformin reduced their risk of developing diabetes by 31 percent. Metformin was effective for both men and women, but it was least effective in people aged 45 and older. Metformin was most effective in people 25 to 44 years old and in those with a body mass index of 35 or higher (at least 60 pounds overweight). About 7.8 percent of the metformin group developed diabetes each year during the study, compared with 11 percent of the group receiving the placebo.
Future Research
Researchers will perform other analyses to try to determine the relative contribution of diet and exercise to the reduction in diabetes. The DPP was not designed to examine diet versus exercise, however, so the analyses may not provide a definitive answer. Researchers will also analyze the information from the study to try to determine how lifestyle intervention and metformin affect the development of heart and blood vessel diseases, which are more common in people with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
The DPP did not examine whether combining lifestyle changes and metformin would further reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
DPP researchers plan to continue examining the roles of lifestyle and metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes. They will also continue to monitor participants to learn more about the study's long-term effects. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is encouraging new research to look at cost-effective methods of delivering lifestyle modifications in group settings and over the Internet, as well as methods to sustain behavior change and weight loss. The National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP)—a joint project of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and more than 200 public and private organizations—will disseminate the findings and protocols stemming from the DPP.
The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this document are used only because they are considered necessary in the context of the information provided. If a product is not mentioned, this does not mean or imply that the product is unsatisfactory.
http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/preventionprogram/